Things are heating up as Parker Solar Probe makes second flyby of the Sun

By Georgina Torbet Published April 7, 2019

Animated Sequence Of Parker Solar Probe Credit: NASA/JHUAPL

Launched in August last year, the Parker Solar Probe is a NASA project to collect data from the searing heat of the Sun’s corona. It is the first probe to be sent so close to the surface of our star, and on its first orbit it made the closest ever approach ever by a man-made craft, coming within 15 million miles of the Sun’s surface.

Now NASA has announced the probe has made a second close approach to the Sun and is entering the outbound phase of its second solar orbit. Last week, at 6:40 p.m. EDT on April 4, the probe once again passed within 15 million miles of the Sun while traveling at a breakneck 213,200 miles per hour. The probe achieved this speed as it swept past the Sun at its closest point, called the perihelion.

Recommended Videos

In total, the “solar encounter” — the phase during which the craft is within 23,250,000 miles of the Sun’s surface, or a quarter of the distance between the Sun and the Earth — began on March 30 and will run for eleven days until April 10.

The team responsible for collecting data from the probe, based at Johns Hopkins University, made contact with the probe using the Deep Space Network (DSN). The DSN is an array of enormous radio antennas which are spread between three facilities in Goldstone, near Barstow, California; near Madrid, Spain; and near Canberra, Australia. The location of these sites allows the DSN to maintain communication with spacecraft even as the planet rotates.

The researchers used the DSN to make contact with the probe for four hours during its perihelion and to monitor its status during this risky part of the mission. The probe sent back a “beacon status A” throughout this time, indicating that it is well and its instruments are collecting data.

“The spacecraft is performing as designed, and it was great to be able to track it during this entire perihelion,” Nickalaus Pinkine, Parker Solar Probe mission operations manager at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, said in a statement. “We’re looking forward to getting the science data down from this encounter in the coming weeks so the science teams can continue to explore the mysteries of the corona and the Sun.”

Topics

Georgina Torbet

Space Writer

Georgina has been the space writer at Digital Trends space writer for six years, covering human space exploration, planetary…

Space

Gorgeous image of Venus snapped by the Parker Solar Probe on its way past

When flying past Venus in July 2020, Parker Solar Probe’s WISPR instrument, short for Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe, detected a bright rim around the edge of the planet that may be nightglow — light emitted by oxygen atoms high in the atmosphere that recombine into molecules in the nightside. The prominent dark feature in the center of the image is Aphrodite Terra, the largest highland region on the Venusian surface. Bright streaks in WISPR, such as the ones seen here, are typically caused by a combination of charged particles — called cosmic rays — sunlight reflected by grains of space dust, and particles of material expelled from the spacecraft’s structures after impact with those dust grains. The number of streaks varies along the orbit or when the spacecraft is traveling at different speeds, and scientists are still in discussion about the specific origins of the streaks here. The dark spot appearing on the lower portion of Venus is an artifact from the WISPR instrument.

When flying past Venus in July 2020, Parker Solar Probe’s WISPR instrument, short for Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe, detected a bright rim around the edge of the planet that may be nightglow — light emitted by oxygen atoms high in the atmosphere that recombine into molecules in the nightside. NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Naval Research Laboratory/Guillermo Stenborg and Brendan Gallagher

NASA has shared this gorgeous image of Venus, captured by the Parker Solar Probe on a flyby of the planet in July last year. The probe's main mission is to explore the sun up close and learn about its corona, but it also regularly passes Venus as it uses the planet's gravity to adjust its orbit. The researchers staffing the mission don't let these flybys go to waste, and use the probe's instruments to learn about Venus as well on their way by.

Space

Earth is at its closest to the sun today: It’s perihelion day

The sun

Everyone knows the Earth goes around the sun, but something you might not know is that its orbit isn't perfectly circular. Earth orbits in a slight ellipsis, so it isn't always the same distance from the sun: sometimes it comes closer, and sometimes it's further away. Today, Saturday, January 2, the Earth is at its closest point to the sun, in an event called the perihelion.

At its perihelion, the Earth will be just 91.5 million miles from the sun, compared to its further point (called the aphelion, which will happen on July 5 this year) when it is 94.5 million miles away. According to NASA, the distance between the sun and the Earth varies by around 3 million miles throughout the year, which is 13 times the distance between Earth and the moon.

Space

Parker Solar Probe on record-breaking approach to the sun

parker solar probe second flyby swingbysuncloseuphires 1

NASA's Parker Solar Probe is set to break a record tomorrow, becoming the closest-ever human-made object to the sun. The probe will break its own previous record, coming within 8.4 million miles of the sun's surface and traveling at 289,927 miles per hour.

This will be the probe's sixth flyby of the sun since it was launched in 2018. As it orbits around the sun, it gets gradually closer and closer with each pass, and over the summer it got an extra boost by using the gravity of Venus to adjust its trajectory. In July this year, the probe came within just 518 miles of the surface of Venus, and the gravitational assist from this maneuver allowed the probe to get 3.25 million miles closer to the sun than its last pass in June.